Your Text

UPPERCASE

HELLO WORLD

All letters converted to capitals. Common for headings, constants, and labels.

lowercase

hello world

All letters converted to small letters. Common for email addresses and usernames.

Title Case

Hello World

First letter of each word capitalised. Standard for headings and proper nouns.

Sentence case

Hello world

First letter of the first word capitalised. Standard for sentences and descriptions.

camelCase

helloWorld

First word lowercase, each subsequent word starts with a capital. Used for variables and functions in JS.

PascalCase

HelloWorld

Every word starts with a capital, no separators. Used for class names and constructors.

snake_case

hello_world

All lowercase, words separated by underscores. Standard for Python variables and SQL column names.

kebab-case

hello-world

All lowercase, words separated by hyphens. Standard for CSS class names and URL slugs.

About This Tool

Text Case Formats Explained

Programming Cases

Different programming languages and contexts have established conventions for naming variables, functions, classes, and files. Using the wrong case breaks conventions and can cause actual runtime errors in case-sensitive languages.

camelCase: The standard for variable and function names in JavaScript, Java, and Swift. The first word is lowercase; each subsequent word starts with a capital. Example: getUserProfile, totalItemCount.
PascalCase (also UpperCamelCase): Used for class names, constructor functions, and React component names. Every word starts with a capital. Example: UserProfile, ShoppingCart.
snake_case: Words separated by underscores, all lowercase. The dominant convention in Python (PEP 8), Ruby, and SQL. Example: user_profile, total_item_count.
kebab-case: Words separated by hyphens, all lowercase. Used for CSS class names, HTML attributes, file names, and URL slugs. Example: user-profile, main-navigation.
SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE: Uppercase snake_case. Convention for constants and environment variables in most languages. Example: DATABASE_URL, MAX_RETRY_COUNT.

Writing Cases

Title Case: Capitalises the first letter of every word. Used for headings, article titles, and book titles. Strictly speaking, style guides (APA, Chicago, MLA) have rules about which small words (articles, conjunctions, prepositions) should not be capitalised, but the simple form of capitalising every word is common. After converting headings to Title Case, use our meta tag generator to build properly cased SEO titles and descriptions.
Sentence case: Only the first letter of the first word (and proper nouns) is capitalised. Standard for general body text and email subject lines according to modern style guides. Check word count and reading time of your converted text with our word counter online.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Use kebab-case (e.g. .main-navigation, .user-card). The HTML and CSS specification and every major CSS methodology (BEM, SMACSS, OOCSS) use hyphens as word separators. Note that HTML is case-insensitive for class names, but CSS is case-sensitive by default, so be consistent. Avoid camelCase in CSS — it is error-prone and non-idiomatic.

Both join words without separators, capitalising word boundaries. The difference is the first character: camelCase starts with a lowercase letter (myFunction), while PascalCase starts with an uppercase letter (MyFunction). In JavaScript, use camelCase for variables and functions, PascalCase for classes and React components.

Python's official style guide (PEP 8) mandates snake_case for function and variable names because Guido van Rossum, Python's creator, believed it improved readability for English readers. Python does use PascalCase for class names (also per PEP 8). snake_case is also the default in Ruby, PHP (for array keys), and SQL column names.

Use a regex replace: str.replace(/_([a-z])/g, (_, c) => c.toUpperCase()). For example, 'user_first_name'.replace(/_([a-z])/g, (_, c) => c.toUpperCase()) produces 'userFirstName'. To go from camelCase to snake_case: str.replace(/([A-Z])/g, '_$1').toLowerCase().

Case Converter

Text Case Formats Explained

Programming Cases

Writing Cases

Frequently Asked Questions

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